- Human body model cst microwave studio skin#
- Human body model cst microwave studio Patch#
- Human body model cst microwave studio software#
CP radiation is generated by using open stubs in the annular ring. Another CP implantable annular ring antenna was presented in 31. The impedance and axial ratio bandwidths were narrow with very less gain. For size reduction interdigital capacitive coupling was employed but still, the antenna footprints are not compatible for body implantation. Stub loaded CP implantable antenna was presented in 30.
Human body model cst microwave studio Patch#
In 29, a patch loaded radiated loop CP antenna using slow-wave concept was reported for ISM band, but its gain and bandwidth are very less. However, its axial ratio bandwidth is narrow and is sensitive to the properties of human tissues 28. Another design of a capacitively-loaded CP antenna was presented for Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band biomedical applications. The reported helical antenna has a high profile due to its multilayer structure making it inconvenient for implantable applications. A CP helical antenna for ingestible application was presented in 27. In order to reduce multipath fading effects and improve data rate, circularly polarized (CP) antennas are recommended. Hence, for biomedical applications, the primary requirement is a small physical size with excellent radiation characteristics, which can be fulfilled using ground radiating antennas. Since the profile of such antennas is relatively low, due to the involvement of a single metal layer, so suits for the implantable applications 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. Few antennas reported consist of ground plane as the primary radiator, but most of them are linearly polarized and proposed for wireless applications. However, most of the proposed antennas are linearly polarized with large and complex geometry. Various types of antennas with a defected ground, fractal shape, spiral, slotted, PIFA have been proposed in the literature for wide impedance and axial ratio bandwidth 17, 18, 19, 20. Though these antenna designs are highly compact, their gain, and impedance bandwidths are very less. In 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, dimensions of the antenna are significantly reduced making them best prototypes for implantation, but are prone to multipath fading because of their omnidirectional linearly polarized radiations. In the last few years, several prototypes of implantable patch antennas are proposed but their radiation efficiency lacks in one or the other parameters such as gain, impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth in few cases, antenna footprints are also large for implantation 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. The implantable antenna is one of the critical components for IMD for exchanging body anatomy data with installed base stations 1, 2. The standard requirement of all implantable medical devices (IMD) is the wireless operation of equipment and bidirectional data communication.
Telemetry includes data transmission from the implanted device to an external one and vice-versa. The embedded devices communicate with the external world in terms of telemetry. These embedded devices can sense data from inside the human body in real-time, offering a unique opportunity for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Recent advances in technology lead to the design of small and low-power consuming biomedical devices that can be implanted inside a patient’s body through surgical operation or ingestion. The power link budget is also calculated using an exterior circularly polarized (CP) receiving antenna. Simulated and measured performances of the antenna are in close agreement.
Human body model cst microwave studio skin#
The antenna is fabricated and measurements are carried out in skin mimicking phantom and pork. The antenna shows good performance for different tissue properties owing to its wide axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth.
Human body model cst microwave studio software#
The simulations of the proposed antenna are carried out using Ansys HFSS software with a single-layer and multilayer human tissue models. In the proposed design, a meandered central strip is used for miniaturization. And, by merely changing the position of the slots, either RHCP or left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation can be excited. In the proposed design, asymmetric square slots generate phase condition for right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation. The proposed antenna structure is circular in shape and its ground plane is loaded with a pair of slots for obtaining circular polarization.
The paper presents a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-miniaturized patch antenna operating in Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.5 GHz) for biotelemetry applications.
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